Background and Objective: Responsiveness is one of the important properties of health-related questionnaires in demonstrating the changes in a patient's clinical conditions before and after therapy. The present study was carried out with the aim of assessing the responsiveness of the Western Ontario Meniscal EVALUATION TOOL (WOMET) and determining its minimal clinically important difference in patients undergoing physical therapy interventions after meniscus injuries. Methods: This cross-sectional methodological study was performed on 100 patients aged 18-70 years with meniscus injuries who underwent physical therapy interventions. Patients completed WOMET and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaires in the first and tenth sessions. The minimum score obtained from the WOMET questionnaire was zero and the maximum was 1600, and the minimum score obtained from the KOOS questionnaire was zero and the maximum was 168. Internal and external responsiveness were the primary outcomes, and effect size tests, ROC curves, and correlation coefficients were used to examine them. The relationship between the WOMET and KOOS questionnaires were considered as secondary outcomes, which were evaluated by calculating the correlation coefficient. Findings: The results of internal responsiveness showed that the standardized response mean for the entire WOMET questionnaire was 0.11 (insignificant) and Cohen's d score for the entire WOMET questionnaire was -1.586 (large). The difference in the mean internal responsiveness between recovered (20%) and unrecovered (80%) patients reached a significant level (p<0.001). This questionnaire had an acceptable external responsiveness; the area under the curve of the ROC curve was greater and equal to 0.7 and the optimal cut-off point was 20.031 (p<0.001). The Pearson correlation coefficient between WOMET and KOOS questionnaires (except the emotions subscale) was moderate to large (0.5-0.8) with p<0.001. Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that the Persian version of the WOMET questionnaire has a high level of responsiveness and is a suitable TOOL for evaluating the quality of life among patients suffering from meniscus injury.

Aim. This study aimed to examine the effect of application of Braden pressure ulcers risk assessment TOOL on PERFORMANCE of critical care nurses.Background. Pressure ulcer is a common phenomenon in patients admitted to intensive care unit. The management of pressure ulcers in these patients is a challenging task. Therefore, pressure ulcer prediction TOOLs are used when dealing with these patients.Method. This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the intensive care units. The study sample consisted 68 critical care nurses working inintensive care units of selected hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2013. After determining the sample size and obtaining permission from theethics committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, the participants were recruited through convenience sampling based on inclusion criteria. Critical care nurses of two intensive care units of general hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected as experimental and control group. In both groups, after collecting demographic characteristics, their PERFORMANCE in the management of patients who were at risk for pressure ulcers was evaluated by the checklist whose validity and reliability was evaluated by the faculty members of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS version 19.Findings. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic characteristics. After the intervention, the mean score of nurses PERFORMANCE in the experimental group was 66.21±0.47 and that of control group was 62.59±1.31 (p≤0.0001). After intervention, all nurses in the experimental group had very good PERFORMANCE and nurses in the control group had good PERFORMANCE.Conclusion. Using the pressure ulcers risk assessment TOOL (Braden scale) increases the sensitivity of critical care nurses to the risk of ulceration in the intensive care unit patients and forces them to comply with the standard caring measures and consequently, lead to prevention of bed sores. It is recommended to use this TOOL in order to enhance the care management of patients prone to pressure sore.

Machining with rotary TOOLs using all insert circumstances instead of a specific cutting edge reduces TOOL wear and thus increases its life. This method, in addition to the simplicity of the mechanism, is considered one of the cheapest environmentally friendly processes. The important role of the inclination angle on the outputs has been pointed out. For this purpose, according to the forces and geometrical conditions, a suitable TOOL holder is designed and built in which it is possible to change the inclination angle. Aluminum 7075 has been selected as the workpiece, and the turning operation has been done using appropriate TOOLs. The surface roughness of the workpiece is measured based on input parameters such as feed and inclination angle. The design of the experiment is based on full factorial design, and surface roughness has been measured based on the angle of inclination in three modes and three different feeds. Reducing the inclination angle and the feed has improved the quality of the surface. The best surface roughness has been at an inclination angle of 5 degrees and an advance of 0.12 mm/round. The shape of the chips has also been investigated. Ribbon-type chips were formed at higher inclination angles, but conical helical chips were formed as the inclination angle decreased.

Objective: To implement the 5-level Emergency Severity Index (ESI) triage TOOL into nursing practice in the emergency department (ED) and validate it with a population-based cohort using hospitalization and length of stay (LOS) as outcome measures. Methods: The study included 850 patients, irrespective of age and gender, reporting to the ED of a tertiary care hospital. Each patient was assessed by the triage nurse as per the 5-level ESI triage TOOL and categorized. The number and type of resources used by the patient, LOS in the ED and the outcome were noted. Data were statistically analyzed by using RStudio Team software, 2015. A P value of < 0. 05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The majority of patients belonged to ESI-4 (46. 82%), followed by ESI-1 (19. 41%), ESI-2 (17. 06%), ESI-3 (10. 35%), and ESI-5 (6. 35%). In most patients, the LOS in the ED was < 120 minutes (55. 65%). ESI showed a statistically significant association with all the clinical characteristics, as well as resources used, interventions needed, maximum time allowed before initiating physician assessment, duration of stay in ED, and patient outcomes (P = 0. 000). ESI was found to have a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 78%. Conclusion: ESI is a useful and valid TOOL for the emergency triage and has the potential to become the standard triage acuity assessment in EDs in India.

In this paper, the PERFORMANCE of the cutting TOOL with nanocrystalline multilayer coatings (TiN+TiAlN) for machining of superalloy Inconel 718 in the dry and wet conditions was studied. The multi layer TiN and TiAlN with nanocrystalline structure was applied by physical vapor deposition technique (arc evaporation) on the WC-Co inserts. The results of the ball on disc wear test and the machining of superalloy Inconel 718 in wet and dry conditions indicated that the nanocrystalline coatings could produce better PERFORMANCE of TOOLs in turning. Abrasion and adhesive wear resistance improved by nanocrystalline and modified Aluminum composition in TiAlN coating as well as toughness and thermal stability.